See caru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "affectionate",
"translation": "affectionate",
"word": "carueið"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "affection",
"translation": "affection",
"word": "carueiðrwyð"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "love",
"translation": "love",
"word": "caryat"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "caru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*karɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *karɨd",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*karāti",
"t": "to love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *karāti (“to love”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂-",
"t": "to desire, wish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd, from Proto-Celtic *karāti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caraf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kery",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "car",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kerwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "carwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kereis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kereist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carawð",
"links": [
[
"carawð",
"carawd#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "carassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "carasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "carhwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerhych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carhom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhoch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carher",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carhem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerhynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerhit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "car",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "caru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "caredic",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "caradwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caru",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "garu",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "caru / charu",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "charu",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 11 16 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "wlm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "wlm:Love",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to love, like"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caru-wlm-verb-uYwf8asK",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 27 11 16 15 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "wlm",
"name": "Love",
"orig": "wlm:Love",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to desire, wish"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-caru-wlm-verb-JtwJbEHi",
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkarʉ/"
}
],
"word": "caru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *keh₂-",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"wlm:Love"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "affectionate",
"translation": "affectionate",
"word": "carueið"
},
{
"english": "affection",
"translation": "affection",
"word": "carueiðrwyð"
},
{
"english": "love",
"translation": "love",
"word": "caryat"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "caru"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-bry-pro",
"3": "*karɨd"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *karɨd",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*karāti",
"t": "to love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *karāti (“to love”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂-",
"t": "to desire, wish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Brythonic *karɨd, from Proto-Celtic *karāti (“to love”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂- (“to desire, wish”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caraf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kery",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "car",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kerwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "carwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kereis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kereist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carawð",
"links": [
[
"carawð",
"carawd#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "carassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "carasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "carassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "carassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "carhwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerhych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carho",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carhom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhoch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carher",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carhem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "carhewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kerhynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kerhit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "car",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "caret",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carent",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "carer",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "caru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "caredic",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "caradwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "caru",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "garu",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "caru / charu",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "charu",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to love, like"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
],
[
"like",
"like"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to desire, wish"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkarʉ/"
}
],
"word": "caru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for caru meaning in Middle Welsh (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, caru/Middle Welsh",
"path": [
"caru"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'imperfect indicative'",
"path": [
"caru"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caru/Middle Welsh 'radical' base_tags=set()",
"path": [
"caru"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caru/Middle Welsh 'nasal' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"caru"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caru",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: caru/Middle Welsh 'aspirate' base_tags={'error-unrecognized-form', 'soft'}",
"path": [
"caru"
],
"section": "Middle Welsh",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "caru",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.